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They are in a solid, liquid,Gaseous state and have no intended uses. Their main characteristic, which makes them problematic, is that they are composed of radioactive chemical elements (radionuclides or radioactive isotopes), in amounts greater than those allowed by regulatory bodies. Based on their risks to the environment and humans, these residues can be classified as low, medium and high activity. On the other hand, the purpose of safety has been defined.
The principles promulgated by a series of international organizations: European Commission (EC), International Commission on Radiological Protection (CIRP), Agency for Nuclear Energy of the Organization for Cooperation and moible number data Development Economy (OECD/AEN) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Among the normative guidelines that these organizations have produced, the IAEA Convention and the EC environmental impact directives stand out.
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Which oblige the countries belonging to the EU to submit their projects to this type of evaluation. As regards the radioactive waste generated, the first place is spent nuclear fuel. Both the open cycle and the closed cycle have to end up housed in a deep geological store. Currently, the radioactive waste produced in Spain is stored in pools and containers. The pools offer low cost, high security shielding and cooling capacity. The alternative is the containers.
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